深圳市延川文化传媒科技有限公司 当前位置: 首页 >>学习方法>>语法 |
名词性从句:宾语从句 |
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句:在复合句中充当宾语。 1. that引导宾语从句时无含义,不充当成分,常省略。
★that不引导介词的宾语从句,至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是复合从属连词。
★在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语(指人)。例如:
★在少数动词如:think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上,这叫否定前置/否定转移。(hope“希望”, guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那样的”,是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是对hope的否定:“我不希望如此”。)如: 注意: ①非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。
②不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句,要根据句意或语境而定。
③当think用在疑问句中,或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用,或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时,不能否定转移。
④否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。
⑤当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not...enough, can't help doing等时不能否定转移。
▲许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句置于句尾。
2. whether, if引导宾语从句:表示“是否”可互换,口语中常用if。 注意下列情况下whether不可用if换: 1)引导主语从句置于句首时。
2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟or not时。
3) whether从句作介词宾语时。
4)whether后接不定式时。 5)动词discuss, decide的宾语从句时。
3. 连接代词what, who, whose等引导的宾语从句。
注意:who, whom按照传统语法,从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom,但在口语中常用who,如:
①whose, which, what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有,意为“谁的”;which意为“哪一个”,what意为“什么”。如:
②一般说来,which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围;而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如:which food,说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种food;what food则指许多food,而且说话人心中没有数。
4. 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
5. 可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引导宾语从句。
6. 表示爱憎情感的动词,如:enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate(感激)等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如:count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to等后,即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it,再接宾语从句。
专项训练: 1、Do you know how much hot water ______? A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need 2、Can you tell me ______? A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he 3、I didn't know how ______ to London? A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going 4、I want to know how long ______. A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back 5、Do you know ______? A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news 6、He said he would help me with my maths if he ______ free. A.was B.will be C.would be D.is 7、He will write to you as soon as he ______ to Shanghai. A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get 8、Father ______ music when he ______ young A.liked…was B.liked…is C.likes…was D.likes…is 9、I liked sports ______ I was young. A.so much as B.so much that C.very much when D.very much because 10、______ mother got home,I was tidying my room. A.After B.When C.As soon as D.Before
KEYS 1、C 2、A 3、C 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、B |
文章来源:http://www.only4english.com/te_news_knowledge_copy_copy/2019-09-07/3588.chtml |